Makar Sankranti: A Festival of Sun, Harvest, and New Beginnings

Also known as Pongal

Makar Sankranti, also known as Pongal in Tamil Nadu, is a joyous Hindu festival celebrated across India and Nepal on January 14 or 15 every year. Here are some fascinating facts about this vibrant celebration

Solar Significance

Unlike many Hindu festivals based on the lunar calendar, Makar Sankranti follows the solar cycle. It marks the day the sun enters the Capricorn zodiac (Makar in Sanskrit), signifying the end of winter and the start of longer days. This shift towards the north is called Uttarayan and is considered auspicious.

Consistent Date

Unlike most Indian festivals, Makar Sankranti falls on the same date (January 14th or 15th) every year in the Gregorian calendar. This consistency makes it easy to plan and anticipate the festivities.

Harvest Celebration

Makar Sankranti coincides with the harvest season in many parts of India. Farmers offer gratitude for the bounty of the land and pray for a prosperous future. This aspect is particularly evident in Pongal and Lohri celebrations.

Solar Significance

Unlike many Hindu festivals based on the lunar calendar, Makar Sankranti follows the solar cycle. It marks the day the sun enters the Capricorn zodiac (Makar in Sanskrit), signifying the end of winter and the start of longer days. This shift towards the north is called Uttarayan and is considered auspicious.

Kumbh Mela Connection

Every 12 years, Makar Sankranti coincides with the Kumbh Mela, one of the worlds largest pilgrimages. Millions of Hindus gather at holy rivers like the Ganga and Yamuna to bathe and seek spiritual liberation.

Regional Variations

While the core essence of Makar Sankranti remains the same, its celebrations vary across regions. In Tamil Nadu, Pongal is a four-day festival marked by cooking sweet rice dishes, decorating homes with rangoli, and conducting Jallikattu (bull taming). In Punjab, Lohri involves bonfires, singing, and dancing.

Traditional Delicacies

Each region prepares special dishes for Makar Sankranti. Tilkut (sweet squares made with sesame seeds), sugarcane, laddoos, and pongal (rice dish) are popular offerings.

Family Gatherings

Makar Sankranti is a time for families to come together, exchange gifts, and share meals. The festival fosters a sense of community and strengthens social bonds.

Kite Flying

In many parts of India, kite flying is a popular Makar Sankranti tradition. The colourful kites soaring in the sky symbolise hope, good luck, and the rising Sun.

A Symbol of Renewal

Makar Sankranti signifies new beginnings, ushering in spring and longer days. It is a time for optimism, joy, and gratitude for the blessings of life.