New Delhi: In a groundbreaking move, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is spearheading the development of nuclear-powered rockets, a leap from conventional chemical engines. This innovative propulsion technology is poised to transform deep space missions, enabling spacecraft to traverse vast distances in significantly reduced time frames.A leap for rocket enginesISROs foray into nuclear-powered rockets marks a significant departure from traditional chemical engines. The preliminary design of these nuclear rockets has been unveiled, hinting at a potential game-changer for Indias space exploration capabilities. If successfully developed in the coming years, nuclear-powered rockets could propel Indian spacecraft to distant planets with unparalleled efficiency.The key advantage of nuclear rockets lies in their potential to address fuel-related challenges faced during missions to celestial bodies such as the Moon and Mars. Unlike conventional chemical engines that necessitate substantial fuel reserves for round trips, nuclear-fueled rockets offer a more sustainable solution. This technology is particularly advantageous for deep space missions that extend beyond the confines of our solar system.A new era of inter planetary travelRecent revelations indicate a collaborative effort between ISRO and the Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) in the development of Radio Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs). Unlike the prevalent use of chemical engines in current rockets and satellites, these RTGs are designed to harness nuclear energy, paving the way for a new era of interplanetary exploration.The significance of nuclear-powered rockets becomes evident in the context of potential missions to Mars, where the capacity for a return journey without fuel constraints becomes paramount. Both ISRO and BARCs concerted efforts suggest a dedicated focus on overcoming the limitations of conventional propulsion systems.Radioactive materials replace conventional fuelThe envisioned nuclear engine rocket is distinct from conventional nuclear engines employed for electricity generation. Devoid of nuclear fission, it utilises radioactive materials such as Plutonium-238 or Strontium-90 in RTGs. As these substances undergo decomposition, they release substantial heat, constituting the core energy source for the rocket.How does nuclear propulsion system operatesThe nuclear propulsion system comprises two crucial components: the radioisotope heater unit, where the radioactive material undergoes heating, and the RTG, which converts the generated heat into electricity. Subsequently, the thermocouple, resembling a rod with one section heated and the other cold, harnesses the voltage across the rod to provide energy, propelling the rocket forward.The collaborative efforts of ISRO and BARC signify a significant stride towards introducing cutting-edge nuclear-powered rocket technology, propelling India into the forefront of deep space exploration.
