One nation, one election: Landmark bill set for introduction in Lok Sabha today

New Delhi: A constitutional amendment bill aimed at facilitating simultaneous Lok Sabha and assembly elections is set to be introduced in the Lok Sabha on Tuesday. This significant legislative initiative, referred to as the Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Ninth Amendment) Bill, 2024, has sparked considerable debate regarding its implications for India's democratic framework.

The Need for Broader Consensus

The proposal for “one nation, one election” necessitates a wider consensus, as it impacts not only national elections but also state and local bodies. Union Law Minister Arjun Ram Meghwal is expected to introduce the bill, which may then be referred to a Joint Committee of Parliament for further deliberation. This step is crucial given the diverse political landscape of India, where various parties hold differing views on the matter.

Key Provisions of the Bill

The bill aims to amend several articles of the Constitution, including Article 82(A), which pertains to simultaneous elections for the Lok Sabha and all state legislative assemblies. It also seeks to align elections in union territories such as Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry, and Delhi. Notably, while the bill has been cleared by the Cabinet, the implementation of simultaneous elections is projected to commence only in 2034.

According to the bill's provisions, if either the Lok Sabha or a state assembly is dissolved before completing its full term, mid-term elections will be held solely for that legislature to fulfill its remaining term. This approach aims to streamline the electoral process across India.

Opposition Voices

The proposal has encountered fierce opposition from various political factions and activists who argue that it undermines democratic accountability. Congress MP Jairam Ramesh has emphasized the need for a Joint Parliamentary Committee review of the bill, reflecting concerns within his party about its potential impact on regional representation. Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Stalin has labeled it a "draconian" measure that threatens federalism and regional voices.

West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has also voiced her disapproval, asserting that this legislation is an imposition rather than a carefully considered reform. Such sentiments underscore the contentious nature of this legislative effort.

Legislative Support Requirements

For the bill to pass, the government will require substantial support in both Houses of Parliament. With 542 members in the Lok Sabha, securing backing from 361 MPs is essential. In the Rajya Sabha, where there are currently 231 members, support from 154 MPs is necessary. The ruling National Democratic Alliance (NDA) currently holds a minority presence in both Houses, making alliances with non-aligned parties crucial for advancing this legislation.

While the introduction of the Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty-Ninth Amendment) Bill, 2024 represents a significant step towards electoral reform in India, its success hinges on navigating complex political dynamics and achieving broad consensus among diverse stakeholders.