Indian forces to leave Maldives? But why did army go to island nation? What was Operation Cactus?

What was Operation Cactus: Post his inaugural visit to China, Maldives President Mohamed Muizzu's veiled jibe on January 13 has escalated tensions. With a March 15 ultimatum for Indian military personnel to depart, the longstanding cooperation between India and Maldives faces a new challenge.

The Geopolitical Undertones: A Spat Unfolds

Muizzu's remark, though not directly aimed, seems to be a retort to India amidst rising tensions in the Indian Ocean Region. Social media skirmishes had already erupted after Maldivian ministers mocked PM Modi's New Year visit to Lakshadweep.

The Evolving Scenario: A March 15 Deadline

A deadline looms as Maldives insists on the departure of around 88 Indian military personnel. The decision stems from a core committee meeting following the Modi-Muizzu talks on December 1, raising concerns about the future of bilateral relations.

Operation Cactus: Unraveling India's Historic Rescue Mission

Delving into the historical context, Operation Cactus takes center stage. The rescue mission unfolded in 1988 when Maldives faced a severe crisis. Masked assailants, armed to the teeth, roamed the streets of Male, prompting a desperate call for help.

Maldives' Turbulent Past: Political Upheavals and Coup Attempts

Maldives, independent since 1965, witnessed political turbulence after choosing democracy over an 850-year-old monarchy. President Ibrahim Naseer's escape to Singapore, economic challenges, and Mamun Abdul Gayoom's ascent set the stage for a series of coup attempts.

The Catalysts Behind the Crisis: PLOTE, Lathuffi, and Their Motivations

The orchestrators, Maheswaran of the People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE) and businessman Abdullah Lathuffi, played pivotal roles. Motivations ranged from power aspirations to promises of controlling the nation for illicit activities.

India's Swift Response: Operation Cactus Takes Shape

As the crisis escalated, emergency messages reached countries for assistance. India, led by Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, swiftly responded. The 50 Para Brigade from Agra, under Brigadier Farooq Balsara, was entrusted with Operation Cactus.

A Daring Operation Unfolds: The Parachute Brigade Takes Action

With strategic planning during a five-hour journey, the Parachute Brigade, armed with 70-80 parachutes, landed in Maldives. Operation Cactus aimed to secure Hulule Airport and liberate Male while ensuring the safety of President Gayoom.

Challenges at Sea: Hostage Situation and Pursuit of MV Progress Light

As the militants realized defeat, they seized MV Progress Light, taking civilians, including the Maldivian Transport Minister and his wife, hostage. Indian Navy's INS Godavari and INS Betwa pursued the ship, engaging in negotiations and firing to prevent a potential tragedy.

The Resolution: MV Progress Light Sunk, Maldives Secured

The pursuit and negotiations reached a critical juncture on November 7, 1988. Faced with the threat of sinking by Sri Lanka, the decision to fire on MV Progress Light was taken. Many militants were killed, and the remaining surrendered, securing Maldives.

Legacy of Operation Cactus: A Symbol of Friendship and Support

Post-crisis, on President Gayoom's request, the Indian Army stayed for a year, affirming its commitment to a friend in need. Captain Jayadevan, hailed for his role, received praise from Defence Minister PV Narasimha Rao, solidifying Operation Cactus as a historic chapter.

Operation Cactus remains an emblem of India's swift and decisive action to safeguard regional peace, highlighting the complexities of geostrategic dynamics in the Indian Ocean Region.